The person starting the case. In family cases this is often the applicant; in divorce it was historically the petitioner.
Family Court Terminology
Plain English explanations of common family court terms, with audio support where available.
Applicant or Petitioner
Respondent
The person replying to the application. They can also file their own requests, known as a cross-application.
Directions
Instructions from the court that set deadlines for documents, disclosure, or next hearings.
Disclosure
Exchanging all relevant documents, helpful or unhelpful, so the court and the other side see the full picture.
Bundle
A single, paginated PDF or set of files containing statements, evidence, orders, and key correspondence, with an index at the front.
Position statement
A short document for a hearing summarising the issues, what you want, and where the evidence is in the bundle. Usually 2-4 pages.
Skeleton argument
A structured legal argument with headings and references to law and evidence. Often used for longer hearings or appeals.
Witness statement
Your evidence in writing, signed with a statement of truth. It should be chronological, factual, and exhibit documents where needed.
Exhibit
A document attached to a statement, labelled and cross-referenced, for example MC1 - Email dated 01/02/2024.
Interim order
A temporary order lasting until the next hearing or the final decision.
Consent order
An order both parties agree to, approved by the court if it is fair and lawful.
Without prejudice
A label for settlement discussions so they cannot usually be shown to the judge deciding the case, unless about costs.
Ex parte or Without notice
An urgent application heard without the other party present, usually where there is real urgency or risk.
McKenzie Friend
A support person who can quietly advise you in court but usually cannot address the judge without permission.
Cafcass or Social worker
Professionals who may report on children welfare issues and make recommendations to the court.
Listing
How the court schedules your hearing, including date, time estimate, and format.
Adjournment
A postponement of a hearing to a new date, usually granted only with good reason.
Costs order
A requirement to pay some or all of the other side's legal costs; rare in children cases, more common in financial claims.
Pro bono or Legal aid
Free legal help; legal aid is means- and merits-tested. Always check eligibility early.